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Use

One-Click Command#

bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en

bash <(curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/main/ChangeMirrors.sh) --en

bash <(curl -sSL https://gitee.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh) --en

Real-time sync, no delay. Recommended for use in Chinese mainland network environments.

bash <(curl -sSL https://raw.gitcode.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh) --en

1-hour sync delay.

bash <(curl -sSL https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors@main/ChangeMirrors.sh) --en

bash <(curl -sSL https://edgeone.linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en

Not recommended in Chinese mainland network environments.

bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en --abroad

bash <(curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/main/ChangeMirrors.sh) --en --abroad

bash <(curl -sSL https://gitee.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh) --en --abroad

Real-time sync, no delay. Recommended for use in Chinese mainland network environments.

bash <(curl -sSL https://raw.gitcode.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh) --en --abroad

1-hour sync delay.

bash <(curl -sSL https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors@main/ChangeMirrors.sh) --en --abroad

bash <(curl -sSL https://edgeone.linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --abroad

Not recommended in Chinese mainland network environments.

bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en --edu

bash <(curl -sSL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/main/ChangeMirrors.sh) --en --edu

bash <(curl -sSL https://gitee.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh) --en --edu

Real-time sync, no delay. Recommended for use in Chinese mainland network environments.

bash <(curl -sSL https://raw.gitcode.com/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors/raw/main/ChangeMirrors.sh) --en --edu

1-hour sync delay.

bash <(curl -sSL https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/SuperManito/LinuxMirrors@main/ChangeMirrors.sh) --en --edu

bash <(curl -sSL https://edgeone.linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en --edu

Not recommended in Chinese mainland network environments.

Usage Help

The tabs represent the built-in mirror site types and script sources. Please check whether your target mirror site supports your operating system before use. You can check in the Mirror List.
By default, the original mirror configuration will be automatically backed up. For more details, see the documentation below. If you are confused by some options during use, just press Enter all the way after selecting the mirror, which is the best practice.

It supports use in abnormal environments such as when the original system software source is damaged, missing, or invalid. There is no need to install any additional dependencies.

About Mirror Selection (Must Read for New Users)

If you are not familiar with these mirrors, it is recommended to use Aliyun (high compatibility, strong availability) or USTC (fast speed). Don't worry about speed tests, the built-in mirrors generally do not differ much.
This project script is an automated operation and maintenance tool. It does not subjectively rank or customize mirrors. User choice should be free, which is also to better continue the spirit of open source software.

  • ROOT privileges required

    Please run this script using the root account, switching between the sudo -i and su root commands, as the commands vary depending on the system. Also, avoid directly running one-click commands such as sudo bash <(xxx) using sudo.

  • It is recommended to use a modern SSH client

    The system's GUI graphical interface terminal application may experience some unpredictable display issues. Some systems will automatically enable the SSH service; otherwise, please refer to how to enable SSH.

  • If running the script for the first time on a new system

    The script relies on curl to fetch content, but some systems do not preinstall this package, resulting in Command not found errors. See About Command not found below for installation. The script itself is unrelated to curl or wget and does not download any content.

  • Interactive configuration is required during script execution

    Use arrow keys UpDownLeftRight or WASD to control options and press Enter to confirm. If interaction is abnormal, try resizing the terminal window and avoid full screen.

FAQ#

  • About Command not found error#

    This error is caused by the system not having the curl package installed. Install it as follows:

    apt-get install -y curl

    Debian   Ubuntu   Kali   Linux Mint   Deepin   Zorin OS   Armbian   Proxmox VE   Raspberry Pi OS   openKylin

    For new systems, run apt-get update first.

    dnf install -y curl || yum install -y curl

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux   CentOS   Rocky Linux   AlmaLinux   Fedora   openEuler   OpenCloudOS   Anolis OS

    zypper install curl

    pacman -S curl

    apk --no-cache add -f curl bash ncurses

    emerge --ask curl

    nix-env -iA nixos.curl
    Can't install? (Click to see more solutions)

    If your system's original mirror is invalid and you can't install curl, here are some emergency ways to fetch the script online:

    Works for most systems (except Alpine Linux). If python3 is missing, try python. 

    python3 -c "import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlretrieve('https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh', 'main.sh')"

    Usually, systems without curl also lack wget, so this may not work. 

    wget https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh

    If you have GUI access, open the link in a browser to download the script. Many systems preinstall Firefox.

    Then run the script:

    bash main.sh --en

    bash main.sh --en --abroad

    bash main.sh --en --edu

    If none of these work, copy the source code to a new .sh file and run it with bash.

  • Backup of original mirrors#

    The script automatically backs up the original mirror configuration. The backup path is the original file or directory with .bak appended, e.g., /etc/apt/sources.list => /etc/apt/sources.list.bak. If a backup exists, you will be prompted whether to overwrite it.

  • Restore backed up mirrors#

    Click to expand and view 
    cp -rf /etc/apt/sources.list.bak /etc/apt/sources.list
apt-get update

    system_name="$(lsb_release -is | tr '[:upper:]' '[:lower:]')"
cp -rf "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/${system_name}.sources.bak" "/etc/apt/sources.list.d/${system_name}.sources"
apt-get update

    Debian   Ubuntu   Kali   Linux Mint   Deepin   Zorin OS   Armbian   Proxmox VE   Raspberry Pi OS   openKylin

    cp -rf /etc/yum.repos.d.bak /etc/yum.repos.d
yum makecache

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux   CentOS   Rocky Linux   AlmaLinux   Fedora   openEuler   OpenCloudOS   Anolis OS

    cp -rf /etc/zypp/repos.d.bak /etc/zypp/repos.d
zypper ref

    cp -rf /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist.bak /etc/pacman.d/mirrorlist
pacman -Sy

    cp -rf /etc/apk/repositories.bak /etc/apk/repositories
apk update -f

    cp -rf /etc/portage/make.conf.bak /etc/portage/make.conf
[ -d /etc/portage/repos.conf ] && cp -rf /etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf.bak /etc/portage/repos.conf/gentoo.conf
emerge --sync --quiet

    cp -rf /etc/nix/nix.conf.bak /etc/nix/nix.conf

  • How to enable SSH remote login#

    Click to expand and view

    The commands and configuration steps are for reference only; please be flexible and adapt them accordingly.

    • Check if SSH service is installed

      ls /etc | grep ssh

      If this folder does not exist, SSH is not installed. Install the openssh-server package with your package manager. The installation command is as follows:

      apt-get install -y openssh-server

      Debian   Ubuntu   Kali   Linux Mint   Deepin   Zorin OS   Armbian   Proxmox VE   Raspberry Pi OS   openKylin

      For new systems, run apt-get update first.

      dnf install -y openssh-server || yum install -y openssh-server

      Red Hat Enterprise Linux   CentOS   Rocky Linux   AlmaLinux   Fedora   openEuler   OpenCloudOS   Anolis OS

      zypper install openssh-server

      pacman -S openssh

      apk --no-cache add -f openssh

      emerge --ask --changed-use --oneshot net-misc/openssh

      Package names may vary across different systems. If you encounter a "package not found" error, try using wildcards openssh* to install it.

    • Configure SSH service

      Allow root account login
      cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config | grep -Eq "^[# ]?PermitRootLogin " ; [ $? -eq 0 ] && sed -i 's/^[# ]\?PermitRootLogin.*/PermitRootLogin yes/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config || echo -e "\nPermitRootLogin yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config
      Enable password authentication
      cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config | grep -Eq "^[# ]?PasswordAuthentication " ; [ $? -eq 0 ] && sed -i 's/^[# ]\?PasswordAuthentication.*/PasswordAuthentication yes/g' /etc/ssh/sshd_config || echo -e "\nPasswordAuthentication yes" >> /etc/ssh/sshd_config

    • Start/restart SSH service

      for ssh_svc in sshd ssh openssh; do systemctl restart "${ssh_svc}" 2>/dev/null && break ; systemctl enable --now "${ssh_svc}" 2>/dev/null && break ; done

    Friendly reminder: If you are using a public server, it is recommended to disable SSH password authentication and set up key-based login.

  • No arrow key interactive UI#

    If you see a text input instead of the new arrow key UI, install the ncurses or nano package. The new interaction relies on the tput command.

  • About disabled repositories#

    Many systems have multiple repositories. The script follows the system default. Disabled repositories will not be enabled after running the script, but their URLs will be updated. To enable them:

    By default, deb-src and proposed are disabled. Uncomment the relevant lines in /etc/apt/sources.list to enable.

    Debian   Ubuntu   Kali   Linux Mint   Deepin   Zorin OS   Armbian   Proxmox VE   Raspberry Pi OS   openKylin

    Some repos are disabled by default. Set enabled=1 in the relevant repo files under /etc/yum.repos.d.

    Red Hat Enterprise Linux   CentOS   Rocky Linux   AlmaLinux   Fedora   openEuler   OpenCloudOS   Anolis OS

    Some repos are disabled by default. Set enabled=1 in the relevant repo files under /etc/zypp/repos.d.

  • Other#

    About the script's online location

    The project uses GitHub Action to automatically copy the source code to the docs directory after each commit for website publishing. The site is hosted on Netlify, with almost no risk of hijacking.

    You can also use the raw address from the code repository. This is just to explain why there are several different addresses; the default official site address is easier to remember and access.

    About mirror download speed

    First, see the recommendations in the Mirror List usage help. These are based on experience, but some users still worry about speed.

    The network latency (Ping) of a mirror is not directly related to download speed. Distance does not equal experience. Some mirrors have high bandwidth but poor speed due to load strategies.

    There are many open source speed test scripts written in C or Python. This project is written in Bash Shell and does not depend on third-party libraries. Bash is the most common scripting language for Linux operations and is preinstalled on most distributions, so users can run it directly without installing anything. This convenience cannot be replaced by other languages. However, Bash scripts may not easily achieve accurate speed testing; using other languages for this is reinventing the wheel.

    About software source selection

    Many people may wonder, "Since scripts are so convenient and highly automated, why can't we automatically select the optimal software source?" It's not that it can't be done, but that it can't be done.

    "Software source selection" here refers to the script automatically selecting a software source with the best experience based on the client's network environment and location. This question needs to be addressed from multiple perspectives:

    • Speed

      As explained above, in summary, the pursuit of speed isn't a universal requirement. For most people, it's simply not noticeable; it's enough to get it working. Moreover, many Linux distributions now offer good speeds without switching sources.

    • Regarding mirror sites themselves

      To give a simple example, Alibaba Cloud mirror sites were once considered the top choice due to their high speed and availability. However, as the number of users increased, their speeds became increasingly slower, sometimes even below 10 Mbps.
      Over time, mirror sites with large user bases may not be able to handle the high traffic, resulting in a poor user experience. Mirror sites with fewer users may eventually close, which is detrimental to the development of the entire ecosystem.

    • From Developer's Perspective

      This project aims to develop a universal repository switching script from the perspective of an operations and maintenance tool, rather than a tool that specifically addresses software repository requirements. The script's default behavior should be suitable for the majority of users. As an operations and maintenance tool, it should have a clear functional positioning. As a script, its pros and cons should be carefully considered from multiple perspectives, including scalability,and practicality. The choice of software repository should be fully vested in the user.

Command Options (Advanced Usage)#

bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxm
Name Meaning Value
--abroad Use overseas mirrors none
--edu Use China education network mirrors none
--source Specify mirror address (domain or IP) address
--source-epel Specify EPEL repository address (domain or IP) address
--source-security Specify Debian/Ubuntu security repo address (domain or IP) address
--source-vault Specify CentOS/AlmaLinux vault repo address (domain or IP) address
--source-portage Specify Gentoo portage repo address (domain or IP) address
--source-base-system Specify Linux Mint/Raspberry Pi OS base system repo address (domain or IP) address
--branch Specify mirror repository (path) repo name
--branch-epel Specify EPEL repository (path) repo name
--branch-security Specify Debian security repo (path) repo name
--branch-vault Specify CentOS/AlmaLinux vault repo (path) repo name
--branch-portage Specify Gentoo portage repo (path) repo name
--branch-base-system Specify Linux Mint/Raspberry Pi OS base system repo (path) repo name
--codename Specify Debian/openKylin codename codename
--protocol Specify web protocol http or https
--use-intranet-source Prefer intranet mirror address true or false
--use-official-source Use official mirror of target OS true or false
--use-official-source-epel Use official EPEL repo true or false
--install-epel Install EPEL repository true or false
--backup Backup original mirrors true or false
--upgrade-software Upgrade packages true or false
--clean-cache Clean cache after upgrade true or false
--clean-screen Clear screen before running true or false
--lang Specify the language of the script output language id (see docs below)
--only-epel Only switch EPEL repo none
--ignore-backup-tips Ignore backup overwrite prompt none
--print-diff Print diff before and after modification none
--pure-mode Pure mode, minimal output none
--help Show help menu none

Full mirror format: <Web protocol>://<mirror address (domain or IP)>/<repo path>

Below are some advanced usage examples

  • Specify mirror address#

    bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en --source mirror.example.com

  • Specify mirror repository directory#

    The repository here refers to the directory after the mirror site address, i.e., the repository directory on the mirror site. Although all are called repositories, it is easy to confuse.

    Main scenario: The target mirror site has a corresponding system repository but does not match the default rule in this script.

    Default repo names for each OS (click to expand)

    The script does not adapt to unique repo names of a single mirror site for compatibility.

    OS Name Names Involved
    Debian Debian debian debian-archive
    Ubuntu Ubuntu ubuntu ubuntu-ports
    Kali Linux Kali Linux kali
    Linux Mint Linux Mint linuxmint ubuntu ubuntu-ports debian
    Deepin Deepin（深度） deepin
    Zorin OS Zorin OS ubuntu ubuntu-ports
    Armbian Armbian armbian
    Proxmox VE Proxmox VE proxmox
    Raspberry Pi OS Raspberry Pi OS raspberrypi raspbian debian debian-archive
    Red Hat Enterprise Linux Red Hat Enterprise Linux centos centos-stream centos-altarch centos-vault
    Fedora Fedora fedora fedora-archive
    CentOS CentOS centos centos-stream centos-altarch centos-vault
    Rocky Linux Rocky Linux rocky
    AlmaLinux AlmaLinux almalinux almalinux-vault
    Oracle Linux Oracle Linux centos-stream
    openEuler openEuler openeuler
    OpenCloudOS OpenCloudOS opencloudos
    openKylin openKylin openkylin
    Anolis OS Anolis OS anolis
    openSUSE openSUSE opensuse
    Arch Linux Arch Linux archlinux archlinuxarm
    Manjaro Manjaro manjaro
    Alpine Linux Alpine Linux alpine
    Gentoo Gentoo gentoo gentoo-portage
    NixOS NixOS nix-channels

    Example:

    Use Aliyun mirror for Rocky Linux
    bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en \
  --source mirrors.aliyun.com \
  --branch rockylinux

    The repository directory name for Rocky Linux on Aliyun is rockylinux, not the default rocky, but you can override the default rule with the command option.

    Some systems configure multiple repos at once. See command options for details.

    Since the repo path is appended to the mirror address, you can use multi-level paths, e.g., --branch "linux/debian" -> https://mirrors.example.com/linux/debian

  • Switch EPEL repo only#

    EPEL (Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux) is an additional repo maintained by Fedora, mainly for Red Hat-based distributions except Fedora itself. Configuring EPEL is a common need and is recommended by default.

    Sometimes your desired mirror does not have EPEL. You can skip EPEL during the first run and then run:

    bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en --only-epel

    For EPEL 7 (EOL), use the archive repo. For overseas networks, use --use-official-source-epel true to use the official repo.

  • Restore official mirrors#

    If you accidentally deleted the backup of the official mirror, use this command to restore. This skips mirror selection.

    bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en --use-official-source true

    Some systems (e.g., Arch Linux) have no official mirror, so Aliyun will be used as a fallback.

  • Usage examples for specific systems#

    • About CentOS EOL#

      The script adapts to EOL CentOS 7/8 and CentOS Stream 8.

      • Chinese mainland

        Use the script as usual, no additional steps are required. As most mirror sites in Chinese mainland have already synchronized the CentOS Vault repository.

      • International

        Use Tencent Cloud or Aliyun mirrors, or use --use-official-source true for the official repo.

      EPEL 7 is also EOL and is supported by the script.

    • Specify GNU/Linux Debian Security repo#

      For maximum security, use the official repo due to mirror sync delays.

      bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en \
  --source-security security.debian.org \
  --branch-security debian-security

    • Specify Debian-based codename#

      Usually for switching system versions. Example:

      • Change version code

        bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en \
  --codename trixie \
  --upgrade-software false

      • Disable the backports repository

        sed -i '/backports/s/^/# /' /etc/apt/sources.list

      • Upgrade the system

        apt-get update
apt-get dist-upgrade

      • After the upgrade is complete and the system is rebooted, perform the following steps

        # Clear the original software sources (If there is any non-system software source content, please back it up manually first)
sed -i '1,$d' /etc/apt/sources.list
# Rerun the mirror switching script
bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en

      bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en \
  --codename testing \
  --upgrade-software false
      If the script can't set the codename, you can manually replace it after running
      sed -i "s/$(lsb_release -cs)/your-codename/g" /etc/apt/sources.list

    • Switch Ubuntu EOL version mirrors#

      EOL means End Of Life. Non-LTS Ubuntu versions are supported for only 9 months. Old versions are removed from the main repo and may require using the Ubuntu Old Releases repo.

      See the official Wiki for version support and check each mirror for Ubuntu Old Releases support.

      bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en \
  --source mirrors.ustc.edu.cn \
  --branch ubuntu-old-releases

    • Arch Linux use Chinese community repo#

      This script does not support this extra repo. For reference, use:

      SOURCE="https://mirrors.aliyun.com/archlinuxcn"
grep -q "\[archlinuxcn\]" /etc/pacman.conf || echo -e "[archlinuxcn]\nServer = ${SOURCE}/\$arch" >>/etc/pacman.conf

  • I18n (Internationalization)#

    The script provides multi-language support. Currently, there are three built-in display languages: 简体中文、繁體中文、English. The default is 简体中文.

    • Specify Language#

      bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --lang xxx
      Type Value
      简体中文 zh-hans zh-cn zh
      繁體中文 zh-hant zh-tw zh-hk
      English en en-us

      It can also be used directly as a command option

      bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --zh-hant

      --en --en-us --zh --zh-cn --zh-hans --zh-hant

    • Select through interaction#

      bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --lang auto

  • Unattended (Automation)#

    To run without interaction, use at least the following options. Recommended for experienced users.

    Example Command
    bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en \
  --source mirror.example.com \
  --protocol http \
  --use-intranet-source false \
  --install-epel true \
  --backup true \
  --upgrade-software false \
  --clean-cache false \
  --ignore-backup-tips

    If you get an "invalid option" error, check the option validity and whitespace encoding. Each option is written on a separate line for readability.

  • Pure mode#

    This feature is introduced to facilitate the use of developers and operation and maintenance personnel. After it is enabled, the script content output will be simplified. It is recommended to use it with other command options without interaction.

    bash <(curl -sSL https://linuxmirrors.cn/main.sh) --en --pure-mode

    Scrolling command logs may have unpredictable display issues, but no problems have been found so far.

Customizing the Script#

If you are a developer of another project and want to create a custom script based on this project, refer to the following. Some maintainers of China education network mirrors have already done so.

  1. It is not recommended to modify the core logic. Keep in sync with the upstream source code. The script execution order is controlled by the main function and is clear.
  2. You can simply remove irrelevant content, e.g., clear the mirror list arrays mirror_list_(default|edu|abroad|extranet|intranet), e.g., mirror_list_default=()
  3. To customize script output, modify the run_start, run_end, and print_title functions.
  4. To add custom shell content, see the execution order in main. Insert content directly or encapsulate in a function.
  5. To reduce script size, delete unnecessary content. Besides the mirror lists, you can remove some modules:
    1. Keep the original structure; empty out the function bodies if not needed.
    2. Remove unused OS repo content gen_repo_files_xxx, which takes up over 60% of the script.
    3. Remove unused feature modules, e.g., handle_command_options, backup_original_mirrors, upgrade_software.
    4. Remove unnecessary language packs, for example: function msg_pack_en() {}
  6. Main configuration is controlled by unified variables, as are command options. These global variables are all uppercase and use underscores. See the table below. Declare them at the top of the script (reserved comment area) for quick customization.
Variable list (click to expand)
Variable Meaning Value Type
SOURCE Specify mirror address (domain or IP) address
SOURCE_EPEL Specify EPEL repo address (domain or IP) address
SOURCE_SECURITY Specify Debian/Ubuntu security repo address (domain or IP) address
SOURCE_VAULT Specify CentOS/AlmaLinux vault repo address (domain or IP) address
SOURCE_PORTAGE Specify Gentoo portage repo address (domain or IP) address
SOURCE_BASE_SYSTEM Specify Linux Mint/Raspberry Pi OS base system repo address (domain or IP) address
SOURCE_BRANCH Specify mirror repo (path) repo name
SOURCE_EPEL_BRANCH Specify EPEL repo (path) repo name
SOURCE_SECURITY_BRANCH Specify Debian security repo (path) repo name
SOURCE_VAULT_BRANCH Specify CentOS/AlmaLinux vault repo (path) repo name
SOURCE_PORTAGE_BRANCH Specify Gentoo portage repo (path) repo name
SOURCE_BASE_SYSTEM_BRANCH Specify Linux Mint/Raspberry Pi OS base system repo (path) repo name
DEBIAN_CODENAME Specify Debian/openKylin codename codename
USE_INTRANET_SOURCE Prefer intranet mirror address true or false
USE_OFFICIAL_SOURCE Use official mirror of target OS true or false
USE_OFFICIAL_SOURCE_EPEL Use official EPEL repo true or false
WEB_PROTOCOL Specify Web protocol http or https
INSTALL_EPEL Install EPEL repository true or false
ONLY_EPEL Only switch EPEL repo true or false
BACKUP Backup original mirrors true or false
IGNORE_BACKUP_TIPS Ignore backup overwrite prompt true or false
UPGRADE_SOFTWARE Upgrade packages true or false
CLEAN_CACHE Clean cache after upgrade true or false
CLEAN_SCREEN Clear screen before running true or false
PRINT_DIFF Print diff before and after modification true or false
PURE_MODE Pure mode, minimal output true or false

Some variables have defaults. Unused variables do not need to be declared as empty strings. If a configuration is missing, interaction may occur.